What could indicate that a memory card is damaged based on its inability to be read by multiple devices?

The indication that a memory card is damaged is largely reflected in its inability to be read by multiple devices. When a memory card cannot be recognized by various devices, this strongly suggests that there may be a physical issue with the card itself.

Physical damage can occur due to several factors, such as exposure to water, extreme temperatures, or rough handling, leading to internal or external failure that prevents it from being accessed. This type of damage often makes it impossible for any device to read the data, regardless of its operating system or compatibility.

In contrast, while corrupted files, outdated device drivers, or incorrect formatting could impede access to the memory card, these issues typically wouldn't result in a complete failure to read the card across multiple devices. These situations are often fixable through software means or reformatting. Thus, the inability to access the card universally across multiple devices points more specifically to a likely physical problem with the memory card itself.