Which of the following programming languages is commonly used in the development of information systems?

Java is commonly used in the development of information systems due to its versatility, portability, and extensive libraries and frameworks that support building complex applications. It is an object-oriented programming language that enables developers to create scalable and maintainable code, which is essential for developing robust information systems that can handle large volumes of data and user interactions.

In addition, Java provides strong support for multithreading and networked applications, which are crucial for modern information systems that often operate in distributed environments. Its ability to run on various platforms without requiring major changes to the codebase—thanks to the Java Virtual Machine—makes it an attractive choice for developers.

The other options, while important, are not typically categorized as programming languages for the development of information systems. HTML and CSS are markup and styling languages, respectively, used mainly for structuring and designing web pages but do not offer the programming capabilities necessary for developing complex applications. Markdown is a lightweight markup language designed for formatting plain text and is not used for programming tasks within information systems development.